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Vortojn
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The happy prince
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The happy prince
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Don't speak Esperanto?
First of all, welcome! Esperanto is a simple but powerful constructed language intended to be used for neutral international communication. This application is intended to enrich your vocabulary, but even if you do not know even one Esperanto word, you can still use it and learn the language! So what to do? Select the "Esperanto Grammar" button on this page, to read a brief Esperanto grammar, which covers the basics. Esperanto is very simple and logical, without exceptions, so its entire grammar holds about one page! Go to the application itself. On each page seven Esperanto words are shown. Touching a word shows its translation. But touching a word on its side shows an example sentence, which demonstrates the word in a context. How can you understand a complete sentence in Esperanto? Don't worry - just use the "Explain" button. A translation of the sentence will appear. Now try to understand the words. The first words and sentences are relatively simple, as the Esperanto words are displayed according to their usage frequency. Esperanto is phonetic. Every word is read exactly as it is written. Use the speaker icon next to the first example sentences to hear the correct pronunciation. Special tags above the letters change the sound values of letters, so each letter represents one sound (English sh = Esperanto ŝ; English ch = Esperanto ĉ, for example); Read the "Help" screen to get more explanations on how to use this application.
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A brief grammar
1. There is no indefinite article (English a, an); there is only a definite article "la", alike for all genders, cases and numbers (English the). Monto (mountain). La monto (the mountain). Hejmo (home). La hejmo (The home). 2. Every word is read as it is written. 3. The accent always falls on the next-to-last syllable (vowel). 4. Personal pronouns: mi (I), vi (you), li (he), ŝi (she, pronounced the same), ĝi (it, pronounced like in giraffe), ni (we), ili (they). Libro (book). Mia libro (my book). Via libro (your book). 5. All nouns end in -o. To form the plural, add the ending -j (pronounced "y"). Vorto (word), Vortoj (words). Hejmo (home, pronounced hey-mo), hejmoj (homes). 6. All adjectives end in -a. To form the plural, add the ending -j (pronounced "y"). Forta vento (strong wind). Fortaj ventoj (strong winds). 7. All Adverbs end in -e. Vero (truth), Vere (really - pronounced ve-re, as written!). 8. The verb does not change for person or number: Voli (to want). Mi volis (I wanted). Mi volas (I want). Mi volos (I will want). Mi volus (I wish I wanted). Volu! (want! a command). Li kantas bone (He sings well). 9. The basic numerals (not declined) are: unu (1), du (2), tri (3), kvar (4), kvin (5), ses (6), sep (7), ok (8), naŭ (9), dek (10), cent (100), mil (1000). Dek du (12), Dudek (20), Cent dudek tri (123). 10. The accusative ends in -n: Mi amas vin (I love you) = Vin amas mi. 11. The ending n also describes time or direction: Kie (where). iri (to go). Kien vi iras? (Where do you go to?) Mi iras hejmen (I'm going home). Esperanto has an exceptionally simple way to learn a whole set of very important and useful words - look at the "Correlatives" button below.
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Correlatives
Esperanto has a simple way to learn a whole set of very important and useful words. The way to create any of the words is to take one of the 5 beginnings, shown at the top of each column (in yellow), and add that to one of the endings, shown in the rows at the left (in light blue).
What
That
Some
Each
No
ki-
ti-
i-
ĉi-
neni-
Noun
-o
kio (what)
tio (that)
io (something)
ĉio (everthing)
nenio (nothing)
Person
-u
kiu (who)
tiu (that)
iu (someone)
ĉiu (everyone)
neniu (no one)
Kind of
-a
kia (what kind)
tia (such a)
ia (some kind of)
ĉia (every kind of)
nenia (no kind of)
Reason
-al
kial (why)
tial (therefore)
ial (for some reason)
ĉial (for all reasons)
nenial (for no reason)
Time
-am
kiam (when)
tiam (then)
iam (sometime)
ĉiam (always)
neniam (never)
Place
-e
kie (where)
tie (there)
ie (somewhere)
ĉie (everywhere)
nenie (nowhere)
Manner
-el
kiel (how)
tiel (thus, so)
iel (somehow)
ĉiel (in every way)
neniel (in no way)
Possessive
-el
kies (whose)
ties (its)
ies (someone's)
ĉies (everyone's)
nenies (no one's)
Amount
-om
kiom (how much)
tiom (that much)
iom (some, a bit)
ĉiom (all)
neniom (none)
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